Pericoronitis: Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment
Pericoronitis is an infectious condition that can develop in adults during tooth eruption, most commonly affecting wisdom teeth. If the inflammation is ignored and left untreated, serious complications can arise. At the first signs, it is crucial to consult a dentist immediately.
Causes
When a tooth erupts, it may come into contact with the gum tissue, which can act as an obstacle and be difficult to clean. This process can last for more than six months, during which the gum tissue gradually rises and may be injured by the tooth. As a result, internal tissues become vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria, leading to gum inflammation.
Factors that contribute to the development of inflammation include:
- Anatomical features of bone and gum structure;
- Poor oral hygiene;
- Trauma and other factors.
Forms of Pericoronitis
Depending on the location and stage of the inflammation, several forms are distinguished:
- Catarrhal — the initial form. The patient experiences minimal symptoms, usually mild pain.
- Acute — requires immediate treatment to prevent progression to chronic form.
- Purulent — a chronic stage accompanied by persistent pain, swelling of soft tissues, and pus accumulation under the gum flap.
- Ulcerative — an infectious form characterized by ulcerated edges on the gums.
Symptoms
Signs develop gradually. Early symptoms require urgent medical attention. Common symptoms include:
- Sharp pain radiating to the cheek, ear, or neck;
- Changes in gum color;
- Difficulty opening the mouth;
- Fever;
- Swollen lymph nodes;
- Pus formation and unpleasant odor in the affected area.
Diagnosis and Treatment
At the clinic, specialists quickly identify inflammation through visual examination and X-rays. Effective treatment is then prescribed.
Therapy may include medication or surgical intervention, depending on the form and stage of the disease. Mild inflammation can often be treated with rinses and anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, removal of the gum flap and further cleaning may be necessary. Surgical treatment is performed if indicated.
Prevention
Prevention involves regular dental visits, proper oral hygiene, and adherence to care guidelines. At the first signs of pericoronitis, patients should seek prompt dental attention.
