Spots on teeth can cause discomfort and affect self-confidence, making people reluctant to smile. This article explains the causes of enamel spots and the ways to address them.
Causes of Enamel Erosion
Tooth discoloration is not a cavity, but enamel gradually deteriorates. Without timely treatment, not only the surface enamel but also deeper tooth tissues can be damaged.
Common causes of tooth spots include:
- Chemical exposure – often seen in people working with chemicals or frequently consuming carbonated drinks.
- White spots – may indicate issues with the endocrine system.
- Mechanical damage – caused by hard-bristled toothbrushes or highly abrasive toothpaste.
Types of Tooth Spots
The color of the spots can indicate the underlying cause:
- White spots – single spots may signal early cavities; symmetrical spots on multiple teeth suggest fluorosis caused by excessive fluoride intake.
- Yellow spots – usually plaque buildup, which can harden into tartar. Causes include poor oral hygiene, smoking, coffee, and tea.
- Gray-yellow spots – result from tetracycline use, appearing as parallel stripes.
- Brown spots – indicate hypoplasia (partial or complete enamel absence). Dark brown may signal deep cavities; spots near the gumline suggest cervical caries.
- Purple or black spots – bacterial plaque that can be removed but often reappears. Black spots may also result from iron supplements and usually fade after stopping the medication.
Treatment Methods for Tooth Discoloration
Once the dentist identifies the cause, treatment options include:
- Professional oral hygiene – removes plaque and tartar and detects early cavities.
- Teeth whitening – provides temporary improvement, effective for stains from foods and drinks.
- Endodontic whitening – a complex procedure that whitens from inside the tooth, suitable for pulp-related discoloration.
- Remineralization therapy – used for early-stage cavities.
- Restoration – for hypoplasia or fluorosis; involves removing the enamel surface and applying a restorative material.
- Veneers or crowns – effective for severe enamel damage.
The appropriate treatment is determined by the dentist. If you notice a spot on your teeth, schedule a dental appointment promptly to address the issue.
